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Artaxerxes (opera)
''Artaxerxes'' is an opera in three acts composed by Thomas Arne set to an English adaptation (probably by Arne himself) of Metastasio's 1729 libretto ''Artaserse''.〔University of North Texas Libraries〕 The first English ''opera seria'', ''Artaxerxes'' premiered on 2 February 1762 at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and continued to be regularly performed until the late 1830s. Its plot is loosely based on the historical figure, Artaxerxes I of Persia who succeeded his father Xerxes I after his assassination by Artabanus.
==Performance history==
The opening night of ''Artaxerxes'' (2 February 1762) at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden proved very successful. The work was revived at the theatre the following year, although this second run was marred by a riot.〔A similar riot occurred the month before during a performance of ''The Two Gentlemen of Verona'' at the Drury Lane Theatre. For more about the London Half-Price Riots, see McPherson (2002)〕 On 24 February 1763 a mob protesting the abolition of half-price admissions stormed the theatre in the middle of the performance. According to a contemporary account in ''The Gentleman's Magazine'':
The mischief done was the greatest ever known on any occasion of the like kind: all the benches of the boxes and pit being entirely tore up, the glasses and chandeliers broken, and the linings of the boxes cut to pieces. The rashness of the rioters was so great, that they cut away the wooden pillars between the boxes, so if the inside of them had not been iron, they would have brought down the galleries upon their heads.〔quoted in Norton Topics Online〕
By 1790, ''Artaxerxes'' had received well over 100 performances, including 48 in Dublin alone between 1765 and 1767.〔Hodgart and Bauerle (1997) p. 22〕 In the United States, the overture was played in Philadelphia as early as 1765, while arias from the opera were heard in New York City in 1767.〔Sonneck (1907) pp. 67-68 and 172〕 The US premiere of the complete opera came on 31 January 1828 at the Park Theatre in New York City with a cast that included Elizabeth Austin as Semira.〔Casaglia〕 ''Artaxerxes'' remained in the London repertoire for over 70 years with regular revivals including those at the Drury Lane Theatre (1780, 1820, 1827, and 1828), Covent Garden (1813, 1827, and 1828), and the St James's Theatre (1836). The score for ''Artaxerxes'' had been published in 1762. However, it did not contain the recitatives or the final chorus. The original performing version of the score was lost in the fire that destroyed the Theatre Royal in 1808. After that date, performances of the work used a shortened version reconstructed by Henry Bishop and John Addison in 1813.〔Holman (1995)〕
Notable modern revivals of the work include a 1962 performance in London's St. Pancras Town Hall as part of the St. Pancras Festival, a BBC concert performance in 1979, and another concert performance in 2002 by the Classical Opera Company conducted by Ian Page at St John's, Smith Square.〔Dunnett (11 December 2002)〕 To mark Thomas Arne's 300th birthday, a fully staged production of ''Artaxerxes'' was performed in October 2009 in the Linbury Theatre of London's Royal Opera House. The production was directed by Martin Duncan and designed by Johan Engels using a new performing edition of the score by Ian Page with a reconstruction of the final chorus by Duncan Druce. The cast included Christopher Ainsley as Artaxerxes, Rebecca Bottone, Caitlin Hulcup and Elizabeth Watts.〔Royal Opera House〕
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